Research advances in contact lens associated bacterial keratitis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Contact lens(CL)is currently one of the most common methods of vision correction, with more than 140 million users worldwide and the demand is rising yearly as constantly development of materials and features. Wearing CL can lead to a variety of complications such as dry eye, corneal abrasions, giant papillary conjunctivitis, and infectious keratitis is one of the most severe complications. According to research, bacteria account for 80%～95% of the pathogens that cause CL-associated infective keratitis, it may have been related to the bacterial composition, virulence mechanism, biofilm formation and the combined effect of the lens itself and the process of use, which is prone to introducing pathogens, reducing antimicrobial capacity of the cornea and tears and causing ocular surface hypoxia and ocular surface inflammation. Overnight and prolonged lens wear, irregular lens purchase, use and care procedures can also be risk factors for bacterial infections. This article reviews the studies on the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CL-related bacterial keratitis.

Automatic evaluation system for ultrasound biomicroscopy images of anterior chamber angle based on deep learning algorithm / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the clinical application value of analysis system for ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)images of anterior chamber angle(ACA)based on deep learning algorithm.METHODS: A total of 4 196 UBM images were obtained from 675 patients(1 130 eyes)at the Eye Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2021 to June 2022 were collected to build an image dataset. Using Unet++network to automatically segment ACA tissue, a support vector machine(SVM)algorithm was developed to automatically classify opening and closing of chamber angle, and an algorithm to automatically locate the sclera spur and measure ACA parameters was developed. Furthermore, a total of 631 UBM images of 127 subjects(221 eyes)at Huangshi Aier Eye Hospital and 594 UBM images of 188 subjects(257 eyes)at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were selected to evaluate the performance of the system under different environments.RESULTS: The accuracy of the analysis system constructed in this study for chamber angle opening and closing was 95.71%. The intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC)values of all ACA angle parameters were greater than 0.960. ICC values of all ACA thickness parameters were greater than 0.884. The accurate measurement of ACA parameters depended in part on the accurate location of the scleral spur.CONCLUSION: The intelligent analysis system constructed in this study can accurately and effectively evaluate ACA images automatically and is a potential screening tool for the rapid identification of ACA structures.

Effect of Microemulsion on Content of Index Components in Different Phases of Zexietang Extract / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of microemulsion on the distribution of index components in different phases of Zexietang extract based on high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and phase separation process. MethodParticle size meter and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize the colloidal particles in blank microemulsion， aqueous extract of Zexietang and microemulsion extract of Zexietang. The phase separation process was established by high-speed centrifugation and dialysis， and based on this process， the aqueous extract and microemulsion extract of Zexietang were separated into the true solution phase， the colloidal phase and the precipitation phase， respectively. The contents of six components， including atractylenolide Ⅲ， atractylenolide Ⅱ， 23-acetyl alisol C， alisol A， alisol B and alisol B 23-acetate， were determined by HPLC with the mobile phase of water（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution（0-5 min， 40%-43%B； 5-20 min， 43%-45%B； 20-45 min. 45%-60%B； 45-75 min， 60%-80%B）. The solubility of the index components in water and microemulsion was determined by saturation solubility method. ResultThe colloidal particles in the aqueous extract， microemulsion extract and blank microemulsion were all spherical， and the particle size， polydispersity index（PDI） and Zeta potential of the colloidal particles were in the order of aqueous extract >microemulsion extract >blank microemulsion. The results of phase separation showed that the colloidal phase and the true solution phase could be completely separated by dialysis for 2.5 h， and the phase separation process was tested to be stable and feasible. Compared with the aqueous extract of Zexietang， the use of microemulsion as an extraction solvent could increase the contents of atractylenolide Ⅲ， 23-acetyl alisol C， atractylenolide Ⅱ ， alisol A， alisol B and alisol B 23-acetate by 3.75， 6.82， 35.47， 10.66， 35.41， 27.75-fold， and could increase the extraction efficiencies of the latter five constituents by 2.03， 1.15， 1.70， 6.43， 5.53 times. The solubility test showed that the microemulsion could significantly improve the solubility of atractylenolide Ⅱ， alisol A， alisol B and alisol B 23-acetate， but it had less effect on the solubility of atractylenolide Ⅲ and 23-acetyl alisol C. ConclusionMicroemulsion can improve the extraction efficiency and increase the distribution of the index components in the colloidal phase state of Zexietang to different degrees， providing a reference for the feasibility of microemulsion as an extraction solvent for traditional Chinese medicine.

Iodine nutritional status is not a direct factor in the prevalence of the BRAFV600E mutation in papillary thyroid cancer

ABSTRACT Objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for approximately 85%-90% of all thyroid cancers. Of the iodine-metabolizing genes, BRAFV600E is a highly specific target for PTC and may have a reciprocal causative relationship with iodide-metabolizing genes. Materials and methods: In this study, we performed a data analysis of selected quantitative studies to determine the relationship between iodine nutritional status and the prevalence of the BRAF600E mutation in patients with PTC. Five studies were selected for meta-analysis based on the selection criteria. Results: A total of 2,068 patients were divided into three groups: low (urinary iodine concentration [UIC] < 100 μg/L), adequate (UIC 100-200 μg/L), and high (UIC ≥ 200 μg/L). The results were obtained using RevMan software, and the pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using Mantel-Haenszel statistics with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The OR for the prevalence of the BRAFV600E mutation between the high and adequate groups was 1.25 (95% CI 0.64-2.43, p = 0.51), and the OR between the low and adequate groups was 0.98 (95% CI 0.42-2.31, p = 0.96). The BRAFV600E mutation risk did not change significantly at different levels of iodine nutrition (p = 0.33) in statistical analyses. Conclusion: We conducted preliminary research on dietary iodine intake and the BRAFV600E mutation in PTC. The results suggested that abnormal iodine intake might not directly influence the prevalence of the BRAFV600E mutation in these patients. Further research into the associations between dietary iodine intake and the BRAFV600E mutation in PTC, including the underlying mechanisms, is required.

Comparative Analysis of Serum Pharmacochemistry of Alismatis Rhizoma Before and After Salt Processing Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveBased on serum pharmacochemistry and ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） the transitional components in the serum of rats after intragastric administration of water extract of Alismatis Rhizoma（AR）and salt-processed Alismatis Rhizoma（SAR） were compared. MethodSD rats were randomly divided into blank group, AR group（10 g·kg-1） and SAR group（10 g·kg-1）, 3 rats in each group, the administration groups were given AR and SAR aqueous extracts by gavage, respectively, and the blank group was given an equal volume of drinking water by gavage once in the morning and once in the evening, for 3 consecutive days. Sixty minutes after the last administration, blood was collected from the eye orbits, and the serum samples were prepared. The serum samples were prepared on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column（2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） in a gradient elution（0-10 min, 10%-50% A; 10-27 min, 50%-95%A; 27-27.1 min, 95%-10% A; 27.1-30 min, 10%A）, the data were collected at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1 in positive ion mode with a scanning range of m/z 100-1 200. Based on the self-constructed chemical composition library of AR, the total ion flow diagrams and secondary MS fragmentation information of the aqueous extracts of AR and SAR, as well as the administered serum and the blank serum, were compared with each other by UNIFI 1.9.2, so as to deduce the possible blood-migrating constituents and their cleavage patterns in the aqueous extracts, and the response intensity ratios of each chemical component were calculated before and after processing. ResultA total of 20 components, including 5 prototypical components and 15 metabolites, were analyzed and deduced from the serum of rats given aqueous extract of AR. And 14 components, including 5 prototypical components and 9 metabolites, were analyzed and deduced from the serum of rats given aqueous extract of SAR. Of these, 13 components were common to both of them, including 5 prototypical components and 8 metabolites. The 5 prototypical components were 16-oxoalisol A, alisol A 24-acetate, alisol A, alisol B and alisol C. The metabolites were mainly involved in phase Ⅰ metabolism（oxidation） and phase Ⅱ metabolism（glucuronidation）. There was a big change in the intensity of response of the common components before and after salt-processing, and the response intensities of the prototypical components, 16-oxoalisol A, alisol B and alisol C, were elevated, while the type and response intensity of metabolites were generally decreased, and it was hypothesized that the metabolic rate of terpenoids might be slowed down after salt-processing of AR, so that the blood-migrating constituents could participate in the metabolism of the body more in the form of prototypes. ConclusionSalt-processing of AR may promote the absorption of prototypical components into the blood by slowing down the metabolic rate of terpenoids, which can provide support for the research on material basis of AR and SAR.

Predictors of extubation outcomes among extremely and very preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Objective: To explore the clinical or sociodemographic predictors for both successful and failed extubation among Chinese extremely and very preterm infants Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out among extremely and very preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestational age (GA). Results: Compared with the infants who experienced extubation failure, the successful infants had higher birth weight (OR 0.997; CI 0.996-0.998), higher GA (OR 0.582; 95% CI 0.499-0.678), a caesarean section delivery (OR 0.598; 95% CI 0.380-0.939), a higher five-minute Apgar score (OR 0.501; 95% CI 0.257-0.977), and a higher pH prior to extubation (OR 0.008; 95% CI 0.001-0.058). Failed extubation was associated with older mothers (OR 1.055; 95% CI 1.013-1.099), infants intubated in the delivery room (OR 2.820; 95% CI 1.742-4.563), a higher fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) prior to extubation (OR 5.246; 95% CI 2.540-10.835), higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) prior to extubation (OR 7.820; 95% CI 3.725-16.420), and higher amounts of lactic acid (OR 1.478;95% CI1.063-2.056). Conclusions: Higher GA, higher pre-extubation pH, lower pre-extubation FiO2 and PCO, and lower age at extubation are significant predictors of successful extubation among extremely and very preterm infants.

Determination of fluoxetine ，norfluoxetine and sertraline concentration in human placental perfusate and their placental permeability by UFLC-MS/MS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish t he method for determining the concentrations of fluoxetine ，norfluoxetine and sertraline in human placental perfusate method and their placental permeability. METHODS Using glyburide as internal standard ，the samples were pretreated by protein precipitation method and detected by ultra-fast liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer （UFLC-MS/MS）. The determination was performed on Synergi TM Hydro-RP 80A LC column with mobile phase consisted of water （containing 0.1％ formic acid ）-acetonitrile（containing 0.1％ formic acid ）at the flow rate of 0.70 mL/min，with a gradient elution. The column temperature was set at 40 ℃，and sample size was 5 μL. Detection was performed with electrospray ionization source in multipl e reaction monitoring mode . The ion pairs for quantitative analysis we re m/z 309.9→148.1（fluoxetine），m/z 296.0→134.4 （-167）， （norfluoxetine），m/z 306.1→159.0 （sertraline），m/z 493.9→ No.2018FE001（-207），（internal standard ）. The perfusion model of singal placenta under bidrectional cardiopulmonary bypass was established. Fluoxetine （160 ng/mL），norfluoxetine（160 ng/mL）， sertraline（100 ng/mL）and antipyrine （positive control ，ng/mL）were added into the maternal perfusate. The concen- 65324888 trations of fluoxe tine， norfluoxetine and sertrali ne were measured by above UFLC-MS/MS at 0，10，20，30，45，60，90，120，150 and 180 min of circulation ，and the placental permeability was calculated. RESULTS The linear range of fluoxetine ，norfluoxetine and sertraline were 5.00-500 ng/mL（all r＞ 0.990），and the lower limits of quantification were all 5.00 ng/mL. The RSDs of intra-day and inter-day were all less than 14.0％， and relative error ranged －9.6％ to 14.7％. The relative error of stability test was －4.0％ to 11.0％；the residual effect ，extraction method and matrix effect did not affect the quantitative analysis of the substance to be tested. Totally 31 perfusion model of human placenta under cardiopulmonary bypass were successfully established ，including 15 fluoxetine and norfluoxetine perfusion ，10 sertraline perfusion and 6 antipyrine perfusion. After 3 hours of perfusion ，the average placental permeability of fluoxetine ， norfluoxetine and sertraline were （8.74 ± 1.67）％ ，（10.70 ± 4.81）％ ，（5.90 ± 1.25）％ ，respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established UPLC-MS/MS is simple ，sensitive and accurate. It can be used for determination of fluoxetine ，norfluoxetine and sertraline in human placental perfusate. Fluoxetine ，norfluoxetine and sertraline can pass through the placenta ，but sertraline has a lower placental permeability.

Survey on occupational hazards of enterprises in Pingshan district of Shenzhen City / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the occupational hazards of enterprises in Pingshan district of Shenzhen in 2017. Methods Occupational hazards were analyzed in 200 enterprises in Pingshan district of Shenzhen City selected using stratified Results random sampling method. A total of 24 industries were involved in the 200 enterprises. The declaration rate of ， occupational hazards was 91.5% and the exposure rate of occupational hazards among workers was 49.2%. The regular monitoring rate of occupational hazard factors in workplaces of the enterprises was 79.5%. There were 129 kinds of occupational ， ， hazard factors of which 19 factors exceeded the national occupational exposure limit accounting for 14.7%. The over standard ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， rates of noise silica dust cotton dust methanol toluene and other dust were 28.7% 13.6% 11.8% 5.86% 0.5% and ， ， 0.4% respectively. There were 13 kinds of occupational hazard factors in the workplace of metal products industry all of which （ ） exceeded the occupational exposure limit. The exposure rate 56.7% of occupational hazard factors in workers was the highest. Conclusion ， ， The main occupational hazard factors were noise dust and chemical factor and the major occupational hazard industry was metal manufacturing in Pingshan district of Shenzhen City.

Berberine inhibits erastin-induced ferroptosis of mouse hippocampal neuronal cells possibly by activating the Nrf2-HO-1/GPX4 pathway / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism by which berberine inhibits ferroptosis of mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (HT22).@*METHODS@#Cultured HT22 cells were pretreated with 30 or 60 μmol/L berberine for 2 h before exposure to 0.5 μmol/L erastin for 8 h, and the cell proliferation, intracellular ferric iron level, changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis were detected using CCK-8, Fe2+ fluorescent probe, fluorescent dye (DAPI) and fluorescent probe (H2DCFH-DA). RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and GPX4 in the cells. We further tested the effects of treatments with 2 μmol/L ML385 (a Nrf2 inhibitor), 60 μmol/L berberine and erastin in the cells to explore the protective mechanism of berberine against erastin-induced ferroptosis in the neuronal cells.@*RESULTS@#Treatment with 0.5 μmol/L erastin significantly lowered the viability of HT22 cells (P < 0.05) and increased the production of ROS, cell apoptosis rate and ferric iron level (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with 30 and 60 μmol/L berberine both significantly increased the vitality of erastin-exposed cells (P < 0.05) and lowered the levels of intracellular ROS and ferric iron content (P < 0.05). RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that berberine obviously promoted the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and GPX4 in the cells (P < 0.05), and treatment with ML385 significantly inhibited the Nrf2-HO-1/GPX4 pathway, increased intracellular ROS and ferric iron contents and mitigated the protective effect of berberine against erastin-induced ferroptosis (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Berberine can inhibit erastin-induced ferroptosis in HT22 cells possibly by activating the Nrf2-HO-1/ GPX4 pathway.

Application of Micro-flow Imaging in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the performance of micro-flow imaging(MFI)in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods Totally 50 patients with thyroid nodules examined by conventional ultrasound,MFI,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound and confirmed by histological or cytological pathology in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from May to December in 2020 were enrolled in the study.The clinical data and ultrasound images were retrospectively analyzed.A binary logistic regression model was established to evaluate the performance of the model in predicting benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Results Logistic regression showed that composition and "S-W-C" sign were independent risk factors for predicting malignant thyroid nodule.The sensitivity,specificity,and Youden index of the logistic regression model were 73.33%,80.00%,and 0.53,respectively,and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.799(95%CI=0.662-0.899). Conclusion MFI facilitates the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and has the potential to be applied in the future.

Study on the mechanism of "guiding action" of borneol in Suxiaojiuxin pills / 药学学报

In order to research the mechanism of guiding action of borneol in Suxiaojiuxin pills, the model of in vitro intestinal absorption, in vivo drug metabolism of mice and cell in vitro absorption model of Caco-2 were established firstly. All animal experiments were in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Nankai University. The results showed that the cumulative absorption quantity and absorption permeability of ferulic acid and ligustilide in the intestinal juice of Suxiaojiuxin pills group were significantly increased comparing with fake Suxiaojiuxin pills group, which don't contain borneol. By using borneol, the content of ferulic acid and ligustilide in the blood and tissues, such as heart, were added. The transepithelial resistance value and the content of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in Caco-2 were rapidly decreased and increased, respectively. Due to further explore mechanism of promoting intestinal absorption of borneol for drugs, in this study, photosensitive probes of borneol were synthesized to capture its targets, and dual luciferase reporter system was used to evaluate its activity of calcium. It was found that it could make calcium overload by regulating transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8 (TrpM8). Then, the results of mass spectrometry imaging showed that the accumulation of ferulic acid in the heart was significantly increased by borneol, and the relaxation rate of rat thoracic aorta was enhanced obviously. In summary, the borneol in Suxiaojiuxin pills can expand cell space and increase intestinal permeability by acting on TrpM8, thus promoting the intestinal absorption, tissue distribution and target organ enrichment of drugs.

Research progress on caffeine citrate in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome / 中国小儿急救医学

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is typically characterized by progressive exacerbation of respiratory distress shortly after birth, which is more common in preterm infants and has a high disability and mortality rate.Caffeine citrate has been used in the treatment of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome to enhance the contraction of the diaphragm and optimize the function of respiratory muscles to accelerate the recovery of spontaneous breathing.This review summarized the use of caffeine citrate in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Research progress on caffeine citrate in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome / 中国小儿急救医学

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is typically characterized by progressive exacerbation of respiratory distress shortly after birth, which is more common in preterm infants and has a high disability and mortality rate.Caffeine citrate has been used in the treatment of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome to enhance the contraction of the diaphragm and optimize the function of respiratory muscles to accelerate the recovery of spontaneous breathing.This review summarized the use of caffeine citrate in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Optimization of Extraction and Purification Process of Total Iridoids and Total Crocins in Gardeniae Fructus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo optimize the extraction and purification process of Gardeniae Fructus for industrial production， and to obtain the total iridoid and total crocin extracts. MethodOrthogonal test was used to optimize the water extraction process by taking contents of geniposide， genipin gentiobioside， gardenoside， crocin-1 and crocin-2 as indicators and the decocting time， decocting times and water amount as factors. The purification process was optimized by single factor test， and four different types of macroporous adsorption resins were screened. The process conditions such as resin type， maximum loading amount， water washing amount， ethanol concentration， ethanol dosage， and flow rate of sample loading were mainly investigated. In addition， the drying methods （vacuum drying and spray drying） of the extract were investigated， and a pilot scale-up verification test was carried out. ResultThe optimal water extraction process of Gardeniae Fructus was to add 15， 10 times the amount of water for decocting twice， 1 h each time. The optimal purification process was as follows：the water extract through SP825L macroporous resin column， the amount of crude drug-the amount of resin （1∶1.5）， the sample loading flow rate of 3 BV h-1， adding 2 BV of water to remove impurities， adding 4 BV of 30% ethanol to obtain the iridoid part， then adding 3 BV of 70% ethanol to obtain the crocin part， collecting the ethanol lotion， and drying at 70 ℃. Under these conditions， the extraction amount of total iridoids was 590.75 mg·g-1 with the transfer rate of 70.48%， and the yield of dry extract was 8.89%. The extraction amount of total crocins was 83.37 mg·g-1 with the transfer rate of 22.20%， and the dry extract yield was 2.60%. ConclusionThe optimized extraction and purification process is stable and feasible with high extraction rate of active components， which is suitable for the industrial extraction and purification of active parts of Gardeniae Fructus.

Therapeutic effects of the extract of Sancao Formula, a Chinese herbal compound, on imiquimod-induced psoriasis via cysteine-rich protein 61 / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that is prone to recurrence, and the proinflammatory factor, cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61), is important in its pathophysiology. Long-term clinical practice has shown that Sancao Formula (SC), a Chinese herbal compound, is effective in the treatment of psoriasis, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the mechanism by which SC extract alleviates imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis.@*METHODS@#The expression of Cyr61 in psoriatic lesions and normal healthy skin was detected using immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the biological role of Cyr61 in models of psoriatic inflammation. A psoriatic mouse model was established by topical application of IMQ, and the effect of topical application of SC extract was evaluated using the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and histopathological features of the skin. Next, a HaCaT cell inflammation model was established using interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the effect of SC extract on the mRNA and protein levels of Cyr61 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was confirmed using Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses.@*RESULTS@#Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of Cyr61 in psoriatic lesions was higher than that in normal skin samples (78.26% vs 41.18%, P < 0.05), and the number of Cyr61-positive cells in psoriatic lesions was also significantly higher than in normal skin (18.66 ± 2.51 vs 4.33 ± 1.52, P < 0.05). Treatment in mice with IMQ-induced psoriasis showed that SC extract could significantly improve the inflammatory phenotype, PASI score (10.875 ± 0.744 vs 3.875 ± 0.582, P < 0.05), and pathological features compared with those in IMQ model group; SC treatment was also associated with decreased levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1. In the IFN-γ-induced inflammatory cell model, the mRNA and protein levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1 were upregulated, while the SC extract downregulated the levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1.@*CONCLUSION@#The results provide a theoretical basis for the involvement of Cyr61 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and suggest that SC should be used to target Cyr61 for the prevention of psoriasis recurrence.

Using a consensus acupoints regimen to explore the relationship between acupuncture sensation and lumbar spinal postoperative analgesia: A retrospective analysis of prospective clinical cooperation / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#This study evaluated the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment on postoperative pain in patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease, and explored the relationship between the postoperative analgesic effect of acupuncture and the sensation of acupuncture experienced by the patients.@*METHODS@#This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 97 patients who had undergone an operation by the same surgeon due to degenerative lumbar disease. These patients were divided into acupuncture group (n = 32), patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) group (n = 27), and oral analgesia group (n = 38) according to the different postoperative analgesic methods. During their hospitalization, patients completed daily evaluations of their pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and injection times of supplemental meperidine were recorded. Also, the Chinese version of the Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Scale (C-MASS) was used in the acupuncture group.@*RESULTS@#Each of the three treatment groups showed significant reductions in postoperative pain, as shown by reduced VAS scores. The acupuncture group, however, had less rebound pain (P < 0.05) than the other two groups. Both the acupuncture and PCA groups experienced acute analgesic effects that were superior to those in the oral analgesia group. In addition, the higher the C-MASS index on the second day after surgery, the lower the VAS score on the fourth day after surgery. There was also a significant difference in the "dull pain" in the acupuncture sensation.@*CONCLUSION@#The results demonstrated that acupuncture was beneficial for postoperative pain and discomfort after simple surgery for degenerative spinal disease. It is worth noting that there was a disproportionate relevance between the patient's acupuncture sensation and the improvement of pain VAS score.

Efficacy of task-oriented training for rehabilitation of stroke patients with hemiplegia in community / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of task-oriented training for rehabilitation of stroke patients with hemiplegia in the community.Methods:Eighty stroke patients with hemiplegia receiving rehabilitation in Shanghai Babsongyuan Subdistrict Community Health Service Center from January 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled in the study. According to the rehabilitation methods, the patients were divided into the observation group (42 cases) and the control group (38 cases). Both groups were given routine Bobath technique and motor relearning method for 3 months; on this basis the observation group was given additional task-oriented training. The Brunnstrum stage was used to evaluate the limb function, Bobath balance scale was used to evaluate the sitting and standing balance function, and modified Barthel Index (MBI) was used to evaluate the activities of daily living.Results:The Brunnstrum stage of upper limbs, hands and lower limbs, Bobath sitting and standing balance function classification and MBI score of the two groups were significantly improved after treatment (the observation group: Uc=5.037, 4.567, 5.228, 2.538, 6.508, t=36.215, P<0.05; the control group: Uc=2.483, 2.311, 2.335, 2.200, 4.102, t=29.260, P<0.05). While the Brunnstrum stage of upper limb, hand and lower limb, Bobath sitting and standing balance function grade of observation group were significantly better than those of control group, MBI score was significantly higher than that of control group ( Uc=2.592, 2.243, 2.897, 2.018, 2.825, t=8.375, P<0.05). Conclusion:Bobath technique and motor relearning method combined with task-oriented training can significantly enhance the recovery of limb motor function and the improvement of activities of daily living of stroke patients.

Research Status of Zexietang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Zexietang is derived from Jingui Yaolue （《金匮要略》）， which is composed of Alismatis Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， and has the effect of inducing diuresis and invigorating the spleen to produce water. Compared with western medicine in the treatment of related diseases， Zexietang can not only improve the curative effect， but also reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions， so as to achieve long-term stable administration. The authors sorted out and analyzed the chemical composition， pharmacological effect and clinical application of Zexietang in recent years. It was found that the main active components of Zexietang were alismol A and B， 23-acetyl-alismol B and C， atractylenolides （atractylenolide Ⅰ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ） and polysaccharides. Pharmacological experiments showed that they had diuretic， hypolipidemic， anti-inflammatory and others. And it can be used in the treatment of hypertension， hyperlipidemia， vertigo， cerebral vascular insufficiency and other diseases combined with other Chinese materia medica， and the curative effect is obvious. By summarizing the research status of Zexietang in recent years， its active components and pharmacological mechanism can be further clarified， which provides the basis for the clinical application of Zexietang and guides the direction of its further research.

Research Progress of Targeted Drug Delivery Nanocarriers Through Blood-brain Barrier / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The small size， moderate drug loading， and targeting properties of nano-preparations make them can be excellent delivery tools for drugs， genes or proteins crossing the cell or blood-brain barrier （BBB）. Currently， facilitating drug crossing BBB with innovative nano-drug delivery systems is considered as a strategic approach for the prevention， diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system （CNS） diseases. However， with the deepening of the research， the adverse reactions and toxicity of nanocarriers have gradually attracted the attention of researchers. Based on this， this paper summarized the situation of BBB-penetrating targeted nano-preparations at home and abroad in recent years from the perspective of classification of types and properties of nanocarriers， and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each carrier. The results showed that nano-preparations with active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） as carriers have become a promising way of cancer treatment， but the complexity and diversity of TCM components limited its application to a certain extent. Further studies should be strengthened to lay a foundation for the application and development of TCM nano-preparations in the field of CNS diseases.

Heavy Metal Analysis and Evaluation of Geotechnical Plant System of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis in Typical Karst Area / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the safety of heavy metals in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis and its rhizosphere soil and bedrock in epiphytic culture imitated wild rock fissure. The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in carbonate-black limestone-Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis system in the study area were analyzed. Method:Samples of biennial Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis， black calcareous soil and carbonate rocks were collected from fracture-epiphytic culture in karst area of Guizhou province. The contents of Cu， Pb， As， Cd in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis， and Cu， Pb， As， Cd， Cr in soil and bedrock were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The detection conditions were as follows：plasma power of 1 550 W， feedback power of 2 W， sampling depth of 9 mm， atomization chamber temperature at 2 ℃， analysis mode of full quantitative， and double charge of <1.5%. Hg content in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry， and Hg content in soil and bedrock was determined by mercury analyzer. SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze the test data. Result:The contents of Cu， Pb， As， Cd and Hg in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis were all within the safety threshold. The contents of Pb， As， Cd， Hg and Cr in black calcareous soil were higher than the corresponding background values of Chinese soil （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， Cd in black calcareous soil was slightly polluted， while Cr， Cu， As， Pb and Hg were clean. The contents of Cu， As， Pb， Cd， Hg and Cr in carbonate rocks were significantly lower than those in black calcareous soil （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The order of heavy metals in black calcareous soil affected by parent rock was Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Cr>Pb. The bioconcentration factor （BCF） of heavy metals in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis was in the order of Cu>Cd>Pb=Hg>As， but the BCFs of these five heavy metals were all low （all <10%）. The contents of Cu， Pb， Cd and Hg in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis increased slightly with the increase of heavy metal content in the rhizosphere soil， while the content of As decreased with the increase of As content in the rhizosphere soil. In addition to Cu content in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis， the migration characteristics of Pb， As， Cd and Hg in the system of carbonate-black limestone-Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis showed consistency. Conclusion:The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in geotechnical plant system in the study area show obvious inheritance. The characteristics of high content， low activity and low pollution risk of heavy metals in black limestone soil and low BCF are the main factors affecting the safety threshold of five heavy metals in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis.